- 1. Iron ore is mainly produced by China, Australia and Brazil.
2. Copper is mainly produced by Chile, China and peru.
3. Coal is mainly produced by China, USA and India.
4. Aluminium is mainly produced by China, Russia and Canada.
5. Oil production is mainly done by Russia, Saudi Arabia, USA and Iran.
6. Gold is mainly produced by China, Australia and USA.
7. Nuclear energy is mainly produced by USA, France and Japan.
8. USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan and Europe are considered developed country.
9. India is developing country.
10. Under developed countries are mostly African countries.
- 1. Composition of Nitrogen: Nitrogen (78.08%) + Oxygen (22.95%)+ Orgon (.93%) + Carbon dioxide (0.003%) + others.
2. Earth atmosphere is divided into 5 Major layers: Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Ionosphere and Exosphere.
3. Troposphere contains major atmospheric pollutants and clouds.
4. Stratosphere is suitable for flying aircraft.
5. Ozone layer is present in stratosphere, which is getting depleted by Chloro fluoro carbons (CFCs) mainly emitted by AC and refrigerators.
6. DEPSON is unit to measure ozone layer thickness.
- 1. Equatorial Climatic Region
a. Uniform temperature throughout year
b. Relative humidity is constantly high (over 80%).
c. Main producer of natural rubber.
d. Amazon basin, Western Africa, south east asia are main region.
2. Savanna Climate
a. Climate is alternate hot, rainly and dry.
b. Tall grass and short tree are vegetation.
c. Regions includes campos in south America, kano in Africa and northern Australia.
- 3. Desert Climate
a. Sahara, great Australian desert are part of it.
b. Xerophytic vegetation.
c. Bushmen, Bindibus, Bedouins, hottentos are major tribes.
4. Mediterranean Climate
a. Summer dry while rain in winter.
b. Best climate for citrus fruit.
c. Region includes coastal region of Mediterranean sea, Southern Australia, California in USA.
d. Sunkist (Calefornia), Sevile (spain), Jaffa (Israel) are orange types.
- 5. Tropical Mansoon
a. Indian, Pakistan, Myanmar and northern Australia are region.
b. Summer rainfall is more than winter.
c. Winter and summer are moderate with equal duration.
6. Temperate Grassland OR Steppe Climate
a. Extremes of temperature and summer is very warm
b. Average rainfall
c. Main grassland are: Prairies(USA), steppes (Eurasia), Velds (South Africa), Downs(Australia), Pampas (South America), Canterburry
- 7. Cold or Siberian Climate
a. Cold winter for long duration with short summer.
b. Main areas are northern hemisphere like Canada, Russia, Central europe.
8. Arctic or Tundra Climate
a. Winter for 10 month.
b. 6 month a day and night at north pole.
c. Reindeers are most important animal.
d. People of Greenland are called Eskimos
e. Igloos are houses of Eskimos.
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