*NOBEL PRIZE 2014: A GLANCE:

>Nobel Prize, considered the
most prestigious and coveted
awards on the planet, have
been declared in all categories
for the year 2014.

>The Winners:

**Economics**

->French economist Jean
Tirole for his analysis of
market power and
regulation.
The prizes in Physics,
Chemistry, Physiology or
Medicine, Literature, and
Peace have been awarded
since the inception of Nobel
Prize in 1901, however the
Nobel Prize in
Economic Sciences was
created in 1968.
The economics prize is
officially called the Sveriges
Riksbank Prize in Economic
Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.

**Peace**

->Kailash Satyarthi (India) and
Pakistani child right activist
Malala Yousafzai.

**Literature**

->French author Patrick
Modiano.

**Chemistry**

->American duo of Eric Betzig
and William Moerner
alongwith Stefan Hell
(Germany).
They bag the coveted award
for the development of
super-resolved
fluorescence microscopy
which helps us see finer
details compared to the
earlier ones.

**Physics**

->Japanese Isamu Akasaki and
Hiroshi Amano alongwith
Shuji Nakamura (US) for
their invention of efficient
blue light-emitting diodes
(LED) which has enabled
bright and energy-saving
white light sources.

**Medicine**

->British-American researcher
John O'Keefe alongwith
Norwegian couple, Edvard
Moser and May-Britt Moser
for their discovery of the
brain's GPS system.
They revealed the mystery
behind how the brain
knows where we are and is
able to navigate from one
place to another.

>Interesting facts about Nobel Prizes:

*Prizes can only be awarded
to individuals, except the
Peace Prize.
Each award can be given to
a maximum of three people
per year.
Each prize constitutes a gold
medal, a diploma, and a sum
of money.
If there are multiple winners
of one subject, the award
money is split equally
among the winners.

>The Nobel Peace Prize is
awarded in Oslo, Norway,
while the other prizes are
awarded in Stockholm,
Sweden.

>The Literature and Peace
Prizes are considered to be
controversial as the award
criteria is subjective.
Someone cannot be
nominated posthumously.
Yet, if someone was alive
when nominated but died
before the award was given,
they may be awarded
posthumously.

>Multiple Laureates:

*Four people have received two Nobel Prizes

1.Marie Curie: 1903 (Physics),
1911 (Chemistry); only
laureate in two different
sciences

2.Linus Pauling: 1954
(Chemistry), 1962
(Peace) ;only laureate of two
unshared prizes

3.John Bardeen: 1956 and
1972 Prizes for Physics

4.Frederick Sanger: 1958 and
1980 for Chemistry

>Most awarded:

*Red Cross- Thrice, in 1917,
1944 and 1963
Laureates who declined the
award
Jean-Paul Sartre and Le Duc
Tho are the only two in
history to have rejected
their Nobel prizes in
Literature and Peace
respectively.

>The oldest recipient
90 year old Leonid Hurwicz,
who won it in 2007 for his
contributions to economics.

>The youngest recipient
Malala Yousafzai